Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Associated Risk Factors among Medical Students at Jamhuriya University in Mogadishu, Somalia

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis is a significant global public health issue, with viral hepatitis types A, B, C, D, and E posing considerable mortality and morbidity risks. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) can lead to serious health complications, including cirrhosis and liver cancer. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the seroprevalence of HBV and the associated risk factors among medical students in Mogadishu, Somalia, conducted from April to August 2024.

Methods: The study involved 240 medical students. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and potential risk factors were collected using a structured and validated questionnaire. Each participant provided a 3 mL blood sample, which was analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using the Instant Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Kit. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.

Results: The seroprevalence of HBsAg among the medical students was found to be 1.3%. Out of the 240 participants, 237 (98.8%) tested negative for HBsAg, while 3 (1.3%) tested positive. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations (p < 0.05) between HBV infection and several risk factors, including non-adherence to universal precautions guidelines, a history of blood transfusion, lack of glove use, and a history of dental procedures involving blood contact.

Conclusion: The HBV infection rate among medical students in Mogadishu, Somalia, is relatively low. However, the study identified several risk factors associated with HBV infection, underscoring the need for enhanced adherence to infection prevention measures. Targeted interventions and control measures are essential to address these identified risk factors in this population.